Sappho’s vs. Petrarch on the Body

Physical interaction is possibly the most intuitive emotion we have as a species. Sex and body image are absurdly prominent in todays culture, and have been since the beginning of written history. Sexuality is only a surface desire though. What lies beneath the surface is where a person's true beauty rests. The poets Sappho and Petrarch are two very early writers that often focused on the human body, sexuality, and desire but in different ways. Sapphds body of work is a reaction and praise to the exterior beauty of many individuals.Petrarch's sonnets are a repeated effort to unearth the root of divine beauty. Sapphds poems were more direct and in a relatable way. The way the Greek poet discussed was with words of physical feelings and reactions to emotions. She compared an individual named Anactoria that she desired to the famoud Helen of Troy, whose beauty has been expressed throughout literature for a long, long time. â€Å"†¦ although far away, / whose long-desired footstep, whose radiant, sparkling face / I would rather see before me than the chariots / of Lydia or the armour of men / who fght wars on foot† (Sappho 21).In this passage the Greek poet is longing for Anactoria, whom she once knew. In reminiscing about her Sappho recalls the way she walked, how her skin reacted to the light, and how she feels peaceful when she is around. Sappho is suggesting that one's beauty is partly contained in their body but also partly related to how that body is used. The essence that the woman in her poem 21 exhibits is her true beauty. In one of her poems her feelings for a recently married friend read, â€Å"†¦ and sweat pours down me and a trembling creeps over my whole body†¦ † (Sappho 20).In most of, but especially this poem in particular, Sappho s expressing her bestial, sexual urges. She is not always so lascivious. Often, the poet writes about more tragic subjects. In her poem 33 she describes her â€Å"tender heart† as  "heavy with grief†(Sappho 33). Sappho is suggesting that the absence of one of her ex-lovers is physically weighing her down. She is playing with that feeling of tension in the chest that people tend to have in matters of deep-seated emotions. It is common to read Sappho and notice emphasis on the body in her descriptions of both grief and bliss.Later in her life, Sappho uses the same analogy of her heart to escribe herself as an old woman, â€Å"My heart's grown heavy, my knees will not support me, that once on a time were fleet for the dance as fawns. † It seems that her heart never grew lighter from her younger years, or even grew into a more intense pain. Having access to so many of her works allows scholars to observe a development in the character Sappho. Her subject matter turns from delight in others, slowly to dismay in their absence.What does not seem to change much is her approach of the subject matter. She still materializes her emotions in the form of the p hysical body in her later poems. Petrarch deals with his bodily desires in a different manner. His most famous series of poems are more or less descriptions of a woman Petrarch had much love for and now sne made him teel. This collection is known as the ‘Canzoniere'. Petrarch's sonnets focus more on the emotional side of his desires, while still using his body as a reference for the reader.In a selection from one of his sonnets, Petrarch writes, â€Å"Love found me all disarmed and found the way / was clear to reach my heart down through the eyes / which have become the halls and doors of tears† (Petrarch 3, 9-11). Once again, the heart is used as a catalyst to connect with the reader by communicating the desire the speaker has for this woman's form. Her beauty is so amazing that Petrarch is subdued and begins to cry. Her image shocks him to the point his body too is affected by it.In another passage, â€Å"The way she walked was not the way of mortals but of angelic f orms, and when she spoke more than an earthly voice was that it sang† (Petrarch 90, 9-11). Petrarch puts the woman into a sacred light, comparing her to an immortal. Petrarch's generous praise of this woman, hough unrealistic, is an attempt to explain to the reader the divinity of his beloved Laura's unparalleled beauty. This woman is supposedly the epitome of beauty, or so Petrarch thinks, but what the numerous sonnets written about her are attempt to reveal is that beneath the beauty is only more beauty.Beauty on a level that cannot simply be written into words. Petrarch is suggesting that contrary to the popular belief at the time, a woman or any person's value does not lie in their physical beauty but the beauty of their essence and the purity of their soul. He was truly and deeply n love with this Laura woman and has made history in doing so. â€Å"Under the lovely peace of her tranquil brows / those two faithful stars of mine so sparkle, / that no other light can inflam e and guide / him who consigns himself to love nobly' (Petrarch 160 5-8).In this verse, Petrarch begins to talk about the peace he sees in Laura's eyes, but then refers to those eyes as his own. Is he claiming ownership, or is he suggesting he sees himself? It seems that he is trying to say that following the look of calm he sees in her eyes, and reciprocating that patience, he will eventually be led to a form of pure love. Both writers were making an attempt to get directly to the purest form of their personal infatuations in terms of describing their beauty on paper.Petrarch by poeticizing and connecting with Laura's spiritual and emotional purity while striving to avoid the hang-ups of physical distraction, and Sappho by referring to both her sexual and emotional urges towards her lovers, describing them from the obvious exterior, down to the movement of hips whilst walking. The difference is that what Sappho writes is a result of her pure emotions for these other women, while Pe trarch is striving to get to the roots of the emotion. He is trying to describe the divine spirit and essence of this lovely woman.Some would say this is disturbing behavior, while others see it as an eloquently written offering. He reaches to the core, where human desire draws from. He took what Sappho wrote to the next level. She was writing about how she felt in response to the core of feeling Petrarch tried to uncover. Her words often described her weariness and pain as a means to relate to her readers so they too could share in her agony. Other times what she would say connected to anther emotion most people are aware of. Passages describing sexual onvulsions could be related to be readers who have felt the same.These two early writers either ends of the same problem. Petrarch, trying to find the source of human passion and Sappho describing how that same source of passion excited her, or got the best of her. Either way, these prominent historical fgures were using the body as a way to relate teeling and emotion to the reader. Petrarch, Francesco, and Mark Musa.

Culture and Culturally Competent Counselors Essay

Being Culturally Competent Letitia Batton Walden University Being Culturally Competent Counselors should have a sense of compassion and respect for people who are culturally different. As a social worker, it is easy to make diagnosis based on verbal and non-verbal presentation of our clients. Hays (2008) stated there are many factors to assess which include race, class, family structure, culture, relationships, religion, and generational/cultural influences. Based on the case study of Mrs. Hudson her externalizing behaviors may stem from an underlying anxiety disorder. It seems that her attacks are not medical in nature that is why she was referred by her primary doctor. She just recently started having these attacks and they happen out of the home and when she has to interact with others. Her assessment reveals that she is presently considered middle class, attended church prior to attacks, family oriented, and educated. Some potential concerns could be her daughter’s illness and past issues with her father that never got closure. Haitian culture relies on spiritual healing more so than Americanized tradition and this may be a big step for Mrs. Hudson (Pierce & Elisme, 2001). Counselors must be trained and competent when implementing diagnosis with culturally diverse clients. (Sue, 2008). DSM-IV provides counselors a tool to evaluate client’s cultural context (Hays, 2008). This process helps counselor’s assess their client’s background, cultural explanation of their issues, client’s environment, relationships, and overall cultural assessment to diagnosis and treatment (APA, 2002). Researchers have argued that the DSM-IV does not accurately represent all minorities (APA, 2002). It is important that counselors understand the family structure in order to provide the most accurate assessment information possible. Unfortunately, counselors are not immune to stereotypes. Beliefs in stereotypes, whether conscious or not, may lead to incorrect diagnosis and misunderstandings between the clinician and the client (Hays, 2008). These beliefs may stem from television or news reports. If believed, they may cause counselor to incorrectly interpret the diagnosis. When this happens the client may become offended and end counseling. Counselors should have knowledge of their own general views, as well as specific knowledge about diverse client’s issues (Sue, 2008). Diversity in family structure should also be taken into consideration when formulating goals and assessing treatment success or failure (APA, 2002). Counselors also attempt to understand the cultural values of each client to gain feelings of trust. Some issues with culturally competent assessments is that it is not race specific and whether existing instruments measure the correct attributes, based on different cultures (Hays, 2008). Diversity plays a role in many aspects of assessment, diagnosis, and treatment. Clarity in these three characteristics may allow counselors to better assist families from diverse backgrounds and that will bring about better treatment outcomes (APA, 2002). Counselors should have an attitude of cultural humility in knowing their limits of knowledge and skills in rendering diagnosis with certainty than reinforcing stereotypes and generalizations (Sue, 2008). While guidelines exist for conducting a culturally competent assessment, few of these guidelines provide the link between the information gathered, the initial decision making, and the development of the treatment plan (APA, 2008).

Employment Law Essay

After viewing the Tutorial, completing the reading, and reviewing the Lecture notes in conjunction with the TCO, answer the following questions relating to ADA expanded by the ADAAA. If such a situation occurred in your workplace and you were the director of human resources: You are Role/Assignment: 1. Would you deem Karina disabled under the ADAAA? If so, what reasonable accommodations would you offer to her? Karina has a medical condition requiring her to take steroids and other medications. This condition led to Karina gaining weight and not able to wear two uniform items, the stockings and heels. These conditions affect her back, circulatory system, and endurance level. Additionally, according to her doctor, Karina must stop wearing the stockings and heels because of her condition. Based on this information, Karina does qualify as â€Å"disabled† even if she does not display symptoms that interfere with her ability to perform her duties. By taking medication, Karina is mitigating (reducing) the effects of her illness. However, her employer cannot consider this information in determining if she has a protected disability under the ADAAA. Karina and her employer should agree on an acceptable resolution that will meet her medical requirements, easily identify her as an employee, and ensure she presents a professional appearance. To accommodate Karina reasonably, the employer could offer her the opportunity to wear lower heeled (or flat) shoes without stockings. Another alternative would be to allow her to wear pants and flat shoes or black tennis shoes. 2. From an ADA policy standpoint, what would your ideal be in terms of an employer ADAAA policy? What would your ideal be as to what the employee (Karina) should be told by the HR department in regards to her rights and obligations pursuant to the ADAAA? From the employer policy perspective, focus on identification of reasonable accommodation requirements under applicable law, application of the legal requirements for this scenario, determinations as to whether reasonable accommodations can be made, and steps that can be taken to make specific accommodations if requested. An ideal ADAAA policy would comply with all federal and state laws concerning individuals with disabilities and respond to government regulations and guidance issued by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). Additionally, the policy will not discriminate against qualified individuals with disabilities concerning application procedures, hiring, advancement, discharge, compensation (or benefits), training or other terms, conditions and privileges of employment. Individuals requesting accommodation and can be reasonably accommodated without creating an undue burden or causing a direct threat to workplace safety will be given the same consideration for employment as any other applicant. Candidates that pose a direct threat to the health, safety, and well-being to themselves or others and the threat cannot be eliminated by reasonable accommodation will not be hired. Electronics Are for You will reasonably accommodate qualified individuals with a disability to ensure they can perform the essential functions of their positions if doing so does not cause a direct threat to these individuals or others in the workplace. Furthermore, Electronics Are For You will not reasonably accommodate an individual if the threat cannot be resolved by reasonable accommodation and/or it creates an undue hardship to the organization. Individuals should contact HR with any questions or requests for accommodation. All employees are required to comply with organization safety standards. Current employees posing a direct threat to the health and/or safety to themselves or others will be placed on appropriate leave until a decision can be made regarding their employment situation. Individuals currently using illegal drugs will not receive coverage under the company ADA/ADAAA policy. The HR department is responsible for implementing this policy, including resolution of reasonable accommodation, safety/direct threat and undue hardship issues. Additionally, during recruiting and hiring phases the organization should devote efforts to assess an individual’s qualifications and if they can provide reasonable accommodation. Review training manuals and employee handbooks concerning disabilities to ensure they comply with ADAAA regulations. Under EEOC policy, employers may require employees to wear certain articles of clothing to protect themselves and coworkers (e.g., construction workers are required to wear certain headgear to prevent injury; health care workers wear gloves to prevent transmission of disease from or to patients). On other occasions, employers may impose dress codes to identify themselves more easily to customers or to portray a certain image (e.g., a store requires all sales associates to dress in black). This same policy may also prohibit employees from wearing certain items to promote a certain image (e.g., prohibitions on wearing jeans). If the employee cannot meet the dress code due to disability, the employer may still require compliance if the dress code is job-related and consistent with business necessity. An employer may also require an employee with a disability meet dress standards required by federal law. If an individual with a disability cannot comply with a dress code mandated by federal law, even with a reasonable accommodation, he will not be considered â€Å"qualified.† Electronics Are For You requires their female employees to wear miniskirts, heels, stockings, and sleeveless shirts. Unfortunately, Karina has an illness that makes wearing stockings and heels medically impossible. She is requesting reasonable accommodation based on her doctors diagnosis. Karina and her supervisor should discuss the situation and both come up with a solution to accommodate her needs and properly portray the company’s image. This could include allowing her to wear lower heeled shoes and no stocking, or dress pants and black tennis shoes.

The 1/3 Technology Partnership Challenge

The improvement of the fifth generation (5G) mobile and wireless networks has advanced at a fast pace. The 1/3 technology Partnership challenge (3GPP) aims to complete the initial no standalone option of 5G till the cease of 2017. on account that mid-2015, the ecu Union (european) budget 5G Public private Partnership (5GPPP) phase 1 projects1 that have played an vital role in organising a pre-standardization consensus on regions starting from physical layer to average architecture, network management and software networks. Numerous technologies and innovations from these projects have substantially contributed to the development in requirements growing groups (SDOs). With the intention of consolidating the final results of 5GPPP tasks into an common structure imaginative and prescient and responding to the diverse requirements of 5G use cases and offerings, the 5G architecture running institution has been energetic for the reason that begin of the 5GPPP initiative. The 5G device has the ambition of responding to the widest range of offerings and packages inside the records of mobile and wireless communications categorized in (i) better mobile broadband (eMBB), (ii) extremely-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC) and (iii) massive device-type communications (mMTC). In responding to the requirements of these offerings and packages, the 5G gadget targets to offer a bendy platform allowing new business instances and fashions integrating vertical industries, such as, car, manufacturing, energy, eHealth, and amusement. in this foundation, network cutting emerges as a promising future-evidence framework adhering to the technological and business needs of various industries. To acquire this intention, community reducing wishes to be designed from an end-to-end attitude, spanning over distinctive era domain names (e.g., core, shipping and get right of entry to networks) and administrative domains (e.g., exceptional cell network operators) which includes management and orchestration features. Moreover, safety architecture shall be natively incorporated into the general structure, pleasing the requirements of offerings and programs touching on safety-vital use instances. The objective first to get familiar with 5G security the way it has been addressed through Phase 1 in terms the â€Å"What† and â€Å"Why† but additionally, and possibly most significantly, pave the manner for Phase 2 initiatives so we can leverage the achievements resulting from this first Phase.

Creating TV Drama Essay

â€Å"The Public Defenders† – We all know about the lives of top-league lawyers who rake in millions of dollars settling class action suits or representing celebrity clients. We all also realize, somewhere back in our minds that for every high-priced lawyer who’s working to spin celebrity â€Å"Q-ratings† and turn high-profile crimes into high-tax bracket success, there are ten public defenders (PD’s) sweating out in the innards of some state or federal building, working for peanuts to save the dregs of society from an indifferent and often unjust legal system . â€Å"The Public Defenders† chronicles the toll that long hours and short pay take on the personal lives of four PD’s who walk a tightrope of action and suspense while balancing their self-sacrificing professional lives with their all-too-self-absorbed sex lives and driving ambitions. The viewer enters the world of â€Å"The Public Defenders† from the vantage point of the common citizen: first glimpsing the four PD’s in their professional roles. Each episode begins with four short but conflict-heavy â€Å"teasers†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ representing the beginnings of four distinct, but sometimes interweaving cases. The bulk of each week’s episode is devoted to the resolution of the four cases, by each of the PD’s respectively. In some episodes, a case will be left â€Å"hanging† to be resolved in a later episode or episodes. As in real life, the PD’s will often represent the same client or clients on repeated cases and it is likely that many defendants and clients of the PD’s will become running fixtures as minor characters throughout the series’ entirety. Each of the PD’s: Emmanuel Gonzalez: a young Yale graduate who chose to work in the trenches, student Jonathan Smith: a closet alcoholic, Sara Kentowitz: a compassionate but highly sexual do-gooder, and Joann Bonier: an ambitious but flawed attorney, becomes embroiled with their clients, often in sexual or romantic entanglements and sometimes, events unfold so rapidly and chaotically that the PD’s themselves may cross the lines of legality. The plot-lines for specific episodes are based on showcasing the thin line between subjectivity and objectivity. The scripts will show blatantly that attorneys are anything but neutral when it comes to pushing their cases and working for their clients. Instead they are either emotionally engaged or coldly indifferent form the start of their cases and their professional work shows the degree to which they are personally engaged, invested, and interested in their clients. Ongoing plot-lines which thread through all the episodes will help to flesh out the characters and add a linear narrative dimension to the episodic format. Emmanuel is dealing with the process of a complicated divorce from his wife of 7 years, coupled with a child custody battle while his soon to be ex-wife is dealing with extreme alcoholism. He is also defending a repeat offender on trial for murdering his brother. Sara deals with an abusive husband while defending a 16 year-old being charged with rape. Jonathan is scheduled to go before the disciplinary committee for a hearing followed by an altercation in court, and is currently the sole care-giver for is aging parents. His father is showing symptoms of the early stages of Alzheimer’s. His mother suffers with depression. Joann, who is single, struggles to balance her work-load with the needs of her co-workers and her desire to have a personal life. Each of these over-arching plot lines will continue to spin threads and exert influence over the individual episodes which, as previously mentioned, may or may not resolve individual plot-lines. To allow our targeted viewing audience to connect and identify with the characters, The Public Defender will be filmed in courtrooms, jail cells and in the homes of our characters, giving an in-depth real life feel for the struggles that the characters are dealing with. In stark contrast the â€Å"personal† scenes will be filmed in a romantic idealized style which emphasizes hope and humanity. The sub-text of these visual contrasts is that the shows characters draw their inspiration to keep fighting from their real life relationships and not from law-books or high-flying principles. In fact , The PD’s are willing to subvert principles and even laws to win cases that have moved them or touched them personally because they have to do so to win. The deck is stacked against them: the are over-worked, under-trained, and representing those who are least able to defend themselves. The depth of the real life affects on the characters is intended to attract eductaed audiences of a predominantly mature demographic. The target audience would be compatible with that of â€Å"Law and Order† or â€Å"West Wing. † However, many of the shows minor characters and sub-plots will be devoted to youthful issues and themes which impact younger people, so it hoped that 18-25 year-old college students may also find the show worthy of attention. Crime buffs, â€Å"CSI† fans, and fans of courtroom dramas should also be targeted with advertising and scheduling as much as possible as it is hoped that this demographic will also prove fruitful for â€Å"The Pubic Defenders. † The hook for taking viewers out of the competition’s time-slot is â€Å"The Public Defenders† no-holds-barred romanticism coupled with its no-hold-barred realism: the PD’s love hard, they play to win†¦ but they lose just as often and their clients pay the price. Airing this program will allow the network to not only capture the targeted audience but hold them for each and every episode. It will be the talk of the campus, the office and coffee shops everywhere. Those that miss these episodes will be looking to see when the reruns will be airing.

Take home exam for law and ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Take home exam for law and ethics - Essay Example The international financial crisis stimulated the G7 to lead to foster international codes of conduct to administer and control the activities of financial corporations and institutions in emerging and developing economies thereby focusing the corporate governance to center stage. As per Okinawa (2000), G8 placed a new stress on accountability and transparency, on fighting tax evasion and money laundering, on creating corporate demeanor to cherish new precedence of human security and on establishing the regulations to design the revolution for information technology. These policy decisions made the corporate governance of core concern to the G8 over a wide policy terrain. (Fratianni, Savona, Kriton 7). The recent global financial crisis and the resulting international economic meltdown are due to inefficient corporate governance procedure and rules. The unprecedented bailouts and financial packages in USA, UK and other nations have eaten away trillion of taxpayers’ money and have yet to stimulate or energize the concerned economy and the capital markets. The general observation is that offering subsidies to distressed companies does not yield any desired results, whereas better corporate governance and accountability should enhance the global economy. It is suggested to prevent recurrences of recent global financial crisis, it is suggested to establish an enforceable and effective global corporate governance guideline and rules to make companies accountable globally to their shareholders. ( Baker & Anderson 596). To a larger extent , the poor corporate governance practices were , if not wholly, accountable for the international financial debacle which was kicked-off by a melt-down of US economy in 2008 and 2009 , particularly in financial and banking sectors. (Plessis et al 308). It is to be observed that UK Combined Code deals

Death penalty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Death penalty - Essay Example However, there is no point in avoiding death penalty because of the ability of some people from escaping from capital punishments. Guilt is highly personal and the only thing which should be considered by the court is whether that culprit deserves death penalty or not. No other considerations should influence the court. The accepted philosophy or principle of criminal justice system is that no innocent person should be punished even if thousands of criminals are able to escape from punishments. It is a fact that many innocent people forced to accept capital punishments because of circumstantial evidences. In other words miscarriages of justice happened in capital punishment cases also. â€Å"For those who think the death penalty just, miscarriages of justice are offset by the moral benefits and the usefulness of doing justice† (Van den Haag). Many people argue in favor of death penalty since they believe that death penalty may discourage others from in committing similar crime s. Van den Haag has argued that â€Å"Sparing the lives of even a few prospective victims by deterring their murderers is more important than preserving the lives of convicted murderers because of the possibility, or even the probability, that executing them would not deter others† (Van den Haag).

Letter of intent - pharmacy residency program Essay

Letter of intent - pharmacy residency program - Essay Example My decision to pursue PGY1 residency program at CSMC stems from the multidisciplinary relationship that exists at the medical center, which is essential in allowing healthcare professionals play a fundamental role in patient care and management. As PGY1 resident, I believe that rotation opportunities and exposure to general hospital practice, teaching faculty and other challenges will enhance my skills and shape my skills in these areas. Consequently, I believe that my tenure at CSMC will open new opportunities for me in the future. Most important, I hope to gain considerable skills as a pharmacist, which would enable me to deliver critical services in areas of my interests such as infectious disease, critical care, and transplant pharmacy. While taking my clinical rotations at CSMC, I gained immense experience from working with pharmacists and physicians as it took part in developing appropriate therapeutic interventions. In particular, I learned how to tailor and optimize clinical therapies and minimize adverse effects of selected drugs on patients. Moreover, I took part in the delivery of more than 60 interventions. As result, I developed an intense passion and appreciation of pharmacy and the role of pharmaceutical care on patients. These experiences, I believe, will bolster my learning during my PGY1 residency program. Ultimately, I see myself honing my patient-specific skills not my to mentioning perfecting my decision making process. Considerable skills, attributes, and values strengthen my suitability for the PGY1 residency program. Firstly, I am many fundamental skills, which would allow me learn quickly and conceptualize new concepts in the program. Secondly, my time management skill, work ethics, and passion for pharmaceutical care stand to establish me as one of the leading students in the residency program. Given that CSMC is a leading teaching

Reflection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 18

Reflection paper - Essay Example Some simple issues or reactions in our bodies may be because of mental disease hence we ought to be very keen on some abrupt changes that may take place in our lives. For instance, suppose an individual who has been known to be active and noisy suddenly keeps quiet and calm while in the same company. Yes, one of the reasons is said to be mental disorder. Several remedies have been prescribed for mental disorders (Busfield 2-4). I have come to realize that my behavioral pattern is very important and worth noting. Although I may not be in a position to realize some behavioral changes in my life, I am determined to pay irrepressible attention to my life pattern and behaviors. I will settle on issues that do not, to the highest degree have an effect on my moods. My attitude towards mental illness is that it is with so many people of different classes. In fact, everyone is mentally ill and what matters is the degree of mental illness (Busfield 12-14). This chapter largely has made me evaluate and analyze how individuals behave around me. I tend to give more than enough time to people I chart and interact with as I am swayed that all of us are a bunch of ill populace. I am intensely sure that not all the remedies available to the mentally ill people are perfect but just a matter of tryout and boo-boo. Furthermore, I think different doctors may diagnose a mentally sick person and come up with different causes yet they attended the same medical class. No, that may not be the medical practitioner’s fault since the patient may behave differently to different people or situations. A doctor can also be depressed while diagnosing the mentally ill patient. Can he go on with treating the patient? Will he know that he is down in the dumps at that very point? I think the whole issue of psychological ill health is a very unfortunate situation. In future, I choose to concentrate on my anxiety, mood and promise to be watchful on drugs I take. I will train myself to change my

Urban Neighbourhood Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Urban Neighbourhood Study - Essay Example environmental quality, social interaction, positive identity, cultural life) of existing residents, who are engaged in the enhancement and functioning of the place. It contributes to sustainable development of wider urban environment. Existing neighborhoods represent a huge potential in terms of livability and sustainable way of life. (Sustainable neighborhoods, Page 8) The neighborhood that we are going to discuss here is the East York community in Toronto. East York was home to 52,430 people and consisted of 21,390 households in 2006. It is 9 square kilometers in size .The population of East York fell by 6.8% between 2001 and 2006. 36% of occupied private dwellings were in single-detached houses, 33% were in high-rise apartments and 15% were in low-rise apartments in 2006. Tough 56% of the population is English speaking; there are ethnic minorities who speak languages like Greek, Chinese, Italian and Urdu. The population is a mixture of Canadian Chinese and East Indian groups, with a mix of other minority groups like, Filipino, Irish, Bangladeshis and Italian. The visible minority population includes Latin American, Koreans and Japanese migrants (Page 3) Most of the dwellings are owned, but 47%, which is quite large are rented dwellings. Of these the popular form of dwellings is single detached houses and apartments which are 5 plus storied. (Page 7)Education is an area where improvement can be done. The percentage of population with a bachelor’s degree of higher education is 22%. A total of 31% has been to the university. Most of the population is employed and the majority is into business, finance and administration. Sales and service come next. About 12% are into management jobs and the rest into education, art, trade and transport and government services. 65% of the employed are the labor forces, which are engaged in Manufacturing retail trade, technical services, and health care. While a minority are employed in mining, agriculture, fishing, arts and

CHS200 - Critical Thinking - Module 4 Case Assignment - Fallacies Coursework

CHS200 - Critical Thinking - Module 4 Case Assignment - Fallacies - Coursework Example All these features are evident in the fallacy of affirming the consequent that also incorporates a certain degree of assumption. Although Dr. Russell is new in the profession, Harold’s claims that he favors the new procedure do not suggest that he actually favors the procedure. Moreover, the place where Dr. Russell’s studied from as well as his claims should not influence the effectiveness of the new procedure. Hence, Harold’s irrelevant appeal to consequences is faulty. In responding to Harold, I employed fallacist’s fallacy. The response uses fallacist’s fallacy because it concludes that the truth value in Harold’s argument is false based on the premise that his argument contains a fallacy (Holt, 2006). Even though, Harold may be true in claiming that Dr. Russell favors the new procedure as effective, this is not evidence that Dr. Russell actually favors the new

The Subculture of Poverty Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Subculture of Poverty - Research Paper Example One can accept any one of these positions or even a combination of the two (interactionist approach) in order to understand poverty. Though scholars have a common tendency to take either of these sides, in this essay, the position taken is one that follows the interactionist approach in order to leave behind the reductionism of leftist and rightist theories. To put the blame on the class division alone is like saying that an individual can make no difference in the society. Similarly if a position that the poor are to blame for their poverty is taken, it will be like forgetting the role of the social structures in creating and sustaining poverty. This is why it s true that â€Å"the structure of society creates a culture of poverty among the poor, which perpetuates the structure of society† and this in turn again reinforces the culture of poverty and so on (Blacksacademy, 1). It will be based on the understanding that the structure of society is the root cause and the conditio ning of the poor (by the culture created by that structure), the sustaining factor that this essay would look into the subculture of poverty. Also, this essay will prove that the negative attributes commonly associated with the members of the subculture of poverty are based on assumptions rather than facts. One visible sign of poverty is the presence of inexpensive accessories like cloth on the body of a person. In extreme cases, poverty can be visible on the body of the person as an impoverished state in the health. But the subculture of poverty is marked with more complex and subtle features. For example, it can be associated with â€Å"families †¦characterized by high divorce rates, with mothers and children abandoned† (Blacksacademy, 2). Poverty also represents the existence of people, devoid of sufficient food, material facilitates, community life, participation in the political processes of the country, and access to the privileges available to the ‘not poorà ¢â‚¬â„¢ individual. Apart from these physical manifestations, the most important social aspect of poverty is that it evolves itself into a culture of sort. Poverty is found to attain a historical dimension as well as a social pathology. Along with that, it has become somewhat hereditary, a family heritage. For example, in the popular poor man-rich girl stories in the movies, or in the rags to riches tales that have been written, the common theme is the same rightist view which proposes that it is the will of the individual that determines his/her economic status. But the culture of poverty exhibits a totally different scene. Once poor, always poor and that too, generations poor, could be the statement that could be closer to reality. In such a scenario, there has been a tendency to define a poor man/woman based on the so-called attributes associated with the subculture of poverty. Almost all the discussions on the subculture of poverty have thus been highly individualistic. The purp ose of almost all these discussions has been to prove that the subculture of poverty is an inferior culture. This can be seen in the common theoretical positions narrated in the following paragraphs. The website, law.jrank.org has stated that poverty is supposed to be a breeding ground of fatalistic views- â€Å"

Introduction to Chinese Culture - Term Papers and the Final Movie Review

Introduction to Chinese Culture - Term Papers and the Final Presentations - Movie Review Example The movie spans from the 1980s when China is undergoing massive reforms in the economic sector. Cheng is a farm boy of bookish tendencies where as Meng is portrayed as a self assured/ confident and highly ambitious human being. Wang is poetic and slightly flaky. The three become friends at the university where they are all endeavoring to obtain visas, with interviews on the same just around the corner. The first among them to successfully obtain a visa is Wang. However, he changes his mind about going to America and opts to remain behind with his girlfriend (who is of Western origin). Cheng, on the other hand, trial upon trial, fails to secure a visa. Meng nonetheless manages to qualify and get a study visa. He seizes his opportunity and leaves for America. As he leaves, he confides in his friends (Wang and Cheng) that he does not plan or desire to come back to China (American Dreams in China, 2013). In the consequent stages of the movie, Cheng’s misfortunes continue to endlessly stalk him. His girlfriend obtains a visa (where he failed) and he is relieved from his teaching position at the university when he is discovered engaging in extra student tuition for monetary gains. In this state of desperation, Wang (who is good at striking good relations with students mainly via Hollywood films) and Cheng decide to set up a school, the New Dream School. The school aims at promoting new methods for English learning to the billions of Chinese students who crave the perceived benefits that arrive with mastery of the English language at the time (predominantly, the possibility of attaining the much coveted foreign/ abroad studies). This school develops to become a major success story. Meng, in America, finds life unbearable and quite unpalatable as he is resigned to odds jobs to earn a living since his English is not perfect. He is essentially living from hand to mouth as a dream consistently progresses into a nightmare. He grows weary and sets back to China where he

The effectiveness of human resource management in improving Dissertation

The effectiveness of human resource management in improving organizational performance - Dissertation Example This present research study will apply the investigative research methods because there are other available previous research studies that focused on a rather similar objective as this present research study. Secondly, the investigative research methods will be appropriate because this present study seeks to test or confirm some of the hypothesis that will be presented. According to the writings by Khan, an aspect that is of great significance in this research project is the research method that shows the kinds of strategies that the researcher employed to attain the research objectives. There are various types of investigative research methods that can be employed, and the most common are; experiments, case studies, survey, theoretical perspectives, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. However, it is beneficial to examine the case study method and the survey method since they are applied in this particular research project. Survey is an important investigative research method t hat was relevant while conducting this research. O'Leary noted that surveys allow the collection of a large amount of data from a large population. This implies that the researcher can conduct surveys and question specific groups of people to obtain large amount of information relevant to the subject of the survey. Case study is an investigative research method that involves investigation of a particular contemporary phenomenon in the real life situation using multiple sources of evidence like financial statements. More elaborate explanation on the nature of the case study as a research method was given by Dick (2005, p. 78) who viewed case study as a representation of ‘a specific way of collecting, organizing, and analyzing data’. The case study research method has been applied in this present research project in sense that the study uses Accenture Plc as the case study to investigate the effectiveness of human resource management in improving organizational

Human Resource Strategy Formulation Research Paper

Human Resource Strategy Formulation - Research Paper Example The information relates to customer requirements, resource constraints, regulatory issues, industry trends, and stockholder demands (Gary, 2009). The stakeholders in the strategy formulation process must have knowledge of this information in order to operationalize it. The stakeholders should know to prioritize information. The information gathered has to be structured in a meaningful way in order to be actualized. The manpower in a business is the backbone of the business, and it is necessary to have the correct team. The workforce in any business enterprise must have the will, knowledge and expertise to perform the duties and deliver the desired results. They must work in unison and should work as a team rather than as individuals (Michael, 2011). The efforts, skills, and capabilities contributed by the organization’s workforce determine the achievement of the organization. A human resource strategy aims at satisfying the customer needs. The strategy aims at setting a direction which the workforce will follow to deliver a successful and sustainable customer satisfaction. To have a human resource that is committed to delivering its results, the organization needs to have principals laid out to be followed. The managers should be concerned about the human resource issues. The human resource of the organization should be involved in all decision making levels of the organization. To ensure that customers are satisfied, the organization should develop a culture that ensures all members of staff are committed to the organization’s performance and improvement (Chris, 2010). Also, there should be a spirit of team work, cooperation and trust for better performance. Human resource is the department in any business enterprise which determines the success or failure of its operations. The human resource in any organization should be managed well and organized in a

Does any IR theory present a convincing framework for understanding Essay

Does any IR theory present a convincing framework for understanding global governance Why or why not Discuss with reference to - Essay Example The first time that the concept of IR theory as an academic discipline can be traced back to the book ‘the Twenty Years Crisis’ which was published in 1939 and was written by E.H. Carr. The publication of this book, the occurrence of the First World War and the consequent complexities on the international sphere prompted the University of Wales, Aberystwyth to set up a department dedicated to this subject (Burchill, et al., 2005). With the passage of time, conceptual models evolved in an attempt to explain the complex nature of post World War II- world and currently, several theories are present that aim to explain international politics. We now come to the second part of the question which is global governance. The concept itself is an old one but it has re-emerged in recent years by the name of globalization. Global governance refers to interaction of political nature between transnational actors aimed at solving common issues and problems in the absence of a power of enforcement. These issues and problems may be solved by arrangements which may be formal in the form of laws, treaties and constitutions involving governments, IGOs, NGOs, MNCs and civil society or it may be informal in the form of guidelines or coalitions. ... Secondly, the benefits of globalization have to reach all levels of population so that global governance is sustainable. Thirdly, the difference between global governance and world government needs to be established. Global governance does not seek a central power for the system to work where as world government does. Global governance aims to take some power away from the state in order for global institutions to be strong, autonomous and effective. Only then can global economy, politics and culture be transparent. Global governance has several underlying themes such as a global economy, environmental concerns, democratic political legitimacy at all levels, conflict resolution, freedom of scientific, academic and communication modes and maintenance of peace and security. Successful examples have shown that this is only possible through effective interaction between state and non-state actors. While it has its own merits and demerits, global governance is a new chapter in world polit ics and it is worthy of being explained by at least one of the established IR theories. Of the several IR theories that are present, three will be discussed in an attempt to explain global governance in this piece of literature. They are realism, constructivism and liberalism. Realism is one of the pioneer theories of the discipline of international relations. It consists of three main components namely statism, survival and self-help. Statism refers to the belief that only state actors play a major role in world politics and all the rest of the functional elements of a political system are merely pawns. Survival refers to the belief that there the international system is based upon anarchy or

Biology Discussion 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Biology Discussion 4 - Essay Example g carried out across the world to establish the role of probiotics especially of intestinal lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus, in enhancing immunity, aids in overcoming constipation, common cold, supports in combating cancer of colon and also to check the antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), together with other diseases of intestine encompassing irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, lactose intolerance, to influence cholesterol levels, blood pressure, minimizing inflammation, reducing the incidence of peptic ulcers. Besides the impending advantages, probiotics are also known to portray some serious side effects encompassing lactobacillus septicemia, obesity etc ("Probiotics"). Lactobacillus is the most dominant organism in the vaginal microflora. As the vaginal microflora directly influences the establishment of infants gut microflora soon after the birth it directly implicates the kind of response child exhibits towards environmental conditions as well as allergies. Evidence suggests that diet during pregnancy may affect the establishment of vaginal microflora. During summer season the consumption of water is more as compared to the winter where consumption of rich food more of solids and heat providing food is taken in. During the course of birth the fetus passes through the vaginal canal and hence first exposure to microbial world takes place. Depending on this exposure, microbial flora in the gut gets established (Thoma et al, 2011). Probiotics mainly contains Lactobacillus besides other microbes and probably respond in a different manner towards established intestinal microflora for the children born between January and June as compared to the childr en born between July and December. Thoma, M. E., Klebanoff, M. A., Rovner, A. J., Nansel, T. R., Neggers, Y., Andrews, W. W., Schwebke, J. R. "Bacterial vaginosis is associated with variation in dietary indices". J Nutr. 141(9): 1698-704.

Health Care Informatics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Health Care Informatics - Essay Example Roberta L. C (2001). Despite the dynamic nature of the required knowledge base, Healthcare informaticians must absorb a significant body of domain (healthcare, Computer Science, Systems instance, etc.) knowledge. These domain knowledge elements are the conceptual objects (the components of the professional's elaborated knowledge elements wherein each element is linked to related elements) required to support reasoning about problems and solutions. This domain knowledge must be the deepest and most comprehensive to support the Innovator and Theoretician roles. Despite the needs of healthcare organizations for personnel with the both the skills and the knowledge, most Healthcare Informatics curricula should be centered with a focus on the domain knowledge component. This is especially true of those programs oriented to producing Theoretical Healthcare Informaticians. Roberta L. C (2001). The healthcare fraternity is faced with challenges in the 21st century, a millennium that has been characterized with globalization. Most countries are looking for quality, cost-effectiveness, and personal satisfaction from their healthcare providers. The healthcare industry, responding to this highly competitive market, is reorganizing, consolidating, and integrating to form a new healthcare delivery structure that will enable the delivery of high quality, cost-effective care to everyone. However, healthcare entities find it difficult to accurately determine costs associated with treatments. They have little or no basis for understanding costs associated with their services or tradeoffs associated with in-house versus contracted professional services due to lack of consistency across practices. As a result, many healthcare entities take on significant risk when either bidding or letting a capitated contract. Ongoing consolidation and affiliation of healthcare organizations increase s uncertainty in cost projections and hence the complexity associated with efficient management. Roberta L. C (2001). Scope Macro health challenges of the 21st century must be addressed early on to provide opportunities for bettering individual and community health. The use of population data for disease surveillance can lead to better prevention and control of diseases and improved coordination of prevention efforts and medical care. An accurate definition of community health and disease status will facilitate health policy and resource allocation for health service delivery worldwide. Fright G. (1998). Coordination to the extent necessary to undertake the issues presented above requires the availability of "the right data to the right people at the right time in the right format for the right cost", made possible through open, interoperable and secure systems. Clinical repositories must support the efficient sharing of data, information and knowledge across the continuum of care, including clinical, administrative, and knowledge services. Such access to sensitive data raise privacy and security issues, prevalent among all information technology domains, but especially sensitive in healthcare. The risk of unauthorized access or disclosure of patient data and the lack of integrity of the information must be mitigated. Roberta L. C (2001). The Vision Industry has formulated a vision of the

Prejudices in Our World Essay Example for Free

Prejudices in Our World Essay Both Brent Staples in â€Å"Black Men and Public Places† and Judith Cofer in â€Å"The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria† seem to be illustrating the prejudices some people have. They both explain how the way they look gets them treated by others. Brent Staples, because he is black in perceived as a criminal; Judith Cofer is a Latina and is mistaken for a waitress. Both stories give numerous examples of prejudice. In addition, each writer has a larger purpose, a deeper reason for writing their story: Brent Staples’ reason for writing his story is to express to the reader how these prejudices affected him as well as other black men all over the country and how society, not just white people fear young black males. Judith Cofer’s reason for writing her story is to us the misconceptions and stereotypes many people have of Latin women. Brent Staples begins his essay by saying, â€Å"My first victim was a woman—white, well dressed, probably in her late twenties. He makes it seem as if he really attacks this woman when the only crime he has committed is being black and taking a stroll late at night. No one seems to look at him as the person he really was at the time; a graduate student at the University of Chicago who as he puts it is a, â€Å"softy who is scarcely able to take a knife to a raw chicken—let alone hold one to a person’s throat†. He expresses the feeling of rage at always being perceived as a criminal. He describes how many people, no matter what color, react when he walks by. He tells up how people lock their car doors as he walks past them, how they cross the street, and how some women clutch onto their purses when they walk by him. Mr. Staples understands the fear as well as the real danger that everyone faces everyday however, he still feels alienated about constantly be perceived as a criminal. He talks about his childhood and being that he grew up in a rough town in Pennsylvania he never fully realized the fear that people felt towards young black males. In his conclusion paragraphs, he tell us that he has learned to smother the rage that he felt at always being perceived as a criminal as well as telling us that he has taken some precautions to make himself more approachable. He gives people space so that they do not feel threatened by him as well as whistling to reduce tension. I do not believe that someone should change who they are to put others at ease nevertheless, people will always have some sort of fear no matter what one does, prejudice will always exist. Similarly to Brent Staples, Judith Cofer starts her essay by telling us about an incident that happened to her on a bus in England, where a young man approached her and began singing â€Å"Maria† from West Side Story. She tells us of other situations where people have looked at her as being â€Å"easy† and as a teenager, her friends and their mothers felt that the cloths she wore were, â€Å"too mature and flashy†. Judith Cofer’s main theme is to show the misconceptions as well as the stereotypes people have of Latin women. She uses examples like how the media uses certain words to describe Latin women, words like: hot tamale, sizzling, and smoldering; how, many Latin women that work in factories are victims of sexual harassment and that people think they are maids or waitresses. She expresses feelings of anger and discontent because of how Latin women as well as she are treated by people. One of the incidents that affected her the most was when she went to a luncheon to read one of her poems an older woman mistook her for a waitress and tries to order a cup of coffee from her. She says she understands that the woman was not intentionally trying to be cruel yet; she became very angry at the woman. In her conclusion Cofer that she is one of the lucky Latinas, many of them do not have the privilege to receive and education or have the accesses to society that she has. She says, â€Å"For them life is as constant struggle against the misconceptions perpetuated by the myth of the Latina. † Cofer wants to replace the stereotypes with the realities of Latin women. She also tells us of a poem that she wrote where it seems to me that she is kind of ribbing society. Reflecting on both their private lives as men and women and on the public lives as reveled in the headnotes to both stories; we can see that Staples and Cofer today are successful writers. Staples has written for the Chicago Sun-Times, Chicago magazine, Down Beat magazine, Ms. , New York Times Magazine, and Harper’s; he continues to try and shed light on racism and violence in our world. Cofer has written many books, she is an award winning poet, and is currently the Franklin professor of English and Creative Writing at The University of Georgia; she continues to try to do away with the stereotypes of Latin women through her writing. These two writers are trying to show us that stereotypes and prejudice are not just jokes that we tell each and laugh about, but rather they can and will hurt those being stereotyped. The racist jokes, thoughts, and stereotypes we hear have a bigger impact than to makes us laugh or be fearful, they help to spread racism. We need to try and look deeper and the color of someone skin; we are all human, we all have our strengths, we all have our weaknesses, but we cannot let one of our weaknesses be our susceptibility to take part in racism not matter how good natured we may think it is.

How My Brother Leon Brough Home a Wife Essay Example for Free

How My Brother Leon Brough Home a Wife Essay Baldo and his brother Leon waiting for the arrival of their visitor riding the carretella. Seeing his brother’s wife, Baldo was easily taken away by the beauty of Maria. Baldo describe Maria as lovely girl, tall, have a long nails and fragrant like a morning when papayas are in bloom. When they got home, Leon asks her mother quickly if where is their father. The father calls Baldo to ask some question when they went home. Baldo tell everything. Conclusion The story How _My Brother Leon Brought Home A Wife, _is the common story of some people when they get living and find their independency to living. Somehow, the story can tell that it is from the true story or a non-fiction. It tells the differences of two places, the Barrio Nagrebcan of Bauang La Union and Manila, the province and the city. In City there’s people noises, polluted surrounding, many houses and cars while in the province you’ve only seen some houses and wide fields. The differences also on the traditional names and modern ones like â€Å"Maria† can be â€Å"Mayang† or â€Å"Maring†. In characters, Baldo was amazed to the beauty of Maria, and felt some envy to his brother to have her. He describes Maria like as the most beautiful woman he met. But he’s think also if what his father feels when he see Maria. Leon, feels like comfortable and confidence on what will be the reaction of his father. He told to maria the gis father is an OGRE. The word ogre is a symbolism. It symbolizes what Maria’s thoughts to Leon’s father.

Finite and Non-Finite Verb

Finite and Non-Finite Verb Finite and Non-Finite Verb   Learning Objectives I will learn : how to distinguish between Finite and Non-Finite Verbs Infinitives, Participles and Gerunds Introduction Read the sentences given below: I am writing. You are writing. They were writing The verbs are different in the three sentences. This is because the verb is controlled by the number, person and tense of the subject. Therefore they are finite verbs. A finite verb is controlled by the number of the subject. If the subject is singular, the verb is singular. If the subject is plural the verb is plural Example : The boy runs fast. (subject is singular) The boys run fast. (subject is plural) A finite verb is controlled by the person. Example : I go to the gymnasium on Sunday. (I First Person) He goes to the gymnasium on Sunday. (He Third Person) A finite verb is controlled by the tense. It can be in the past, present or future tense. Example : She lives in Kolkata (Present Tense) She lived in Kolkata (Past Tense) Try Your Hand 1( H3) Pick out the finite verbs in the following sentences: She kept the plates in the sink. Looking at both sides, he crossed the street. The curtain is flying in the wind. Many of us will sign the petition. They are eager to join our club. It was raining heavily when I left. Rolling stones gather no moss. I have requested him to come. I enjoy reading books. Alighting from the aircraft she switched her mobile phone on. Now read the sentences given below: I enjoy listening to music. You enjoy listening to music. They enjoy listening to music. The verb 'listening' is not controlled by the number, person and tense of the subject. Therefore it is a non-finite verb. Take a look at a few more sentences: I like to swim every evening. He likes to swim every evening They liked to swim every evening. The verb 'swim' remains unchanged whatever be the person, number and tense of the subject. On reading these sentences we see that some non-finite verbs end with -ing and some have to before them. Try Your Hand 2 (H3) Read the sentences given below and state whether the highlighted verbs are finite or non-finite: He was drawing a picture in his notebook. He wanted to draw a cartoon. Keeping her bag on the floor, she ran out. They wanted to meet the head teacher. I polish the silver ear-rings regularly. The weeping woman appealed for help. She had spoken the truth, but we had found it hard to believe her. Non -finite verbs are of three kinds : 1 Infinitives 2.Participles 3. Gerunds In this lesson we shall take up the Infinitive. Read the given sentences: I like to sing She tried to help the old man. 'To sing' and 'to find' are infinitives. The infinitive is the base form of the verb and it often has 'to' before it. Try Your Hand 3 (H3) Pick out the infinitives in the given sentences: To find fault is easy. I did not want to scare him. The best course of action would be to take leave. She phoned to speak to my father. In order to get a job he left college. He had no choice but to travel to Chennai. The young man rose to address the gathering. After certain verbs, such as bid, let, make, need, dare, see, hear, the infinitive is used without 'to' Example : Let us go for a picnic. She saw her brother win the race. He makes me read the lesson aloud. Try Your Hand 4 (H3) Pick out the infinitives in the given sentences: They need not cook today. He bid me sing a song. Let them draw whatever they want. The children saw her buy food. She is making him revise the lesson. They heard her speak to the policeman on duty. I dared not look into the room. Infinitives can be used to join sentences. Look at the examples given below. Ravi spoke the truth. He was not afraid to do so. These two sentences can be combined to form one sentence: Ravi was not afraid to speak the truth. We see that one of the main verbs 'spoke' is changed into the infinitive 'to speak' and used to combine the sentences. Take a look at another example. He remained inside the burning house. He wanted to rescue all the children. This pair of sentences will change to : He remained inside the burning house to rescue all the children. We see that an infinitive 'to rescue' which was already present in one of the sentences has been used to combine the sentences. Try Your Hand 5 (H3) Combine each pair of sentences by using an infinitive. We started running. We wanted to reach the station on time. Every school has a Principal. He decides how the school will function. The old man gave his servant one thousand rupees. He wanted to reward him for his faithful service. He is determined to attain a high post. He works day and night for that purpose. She collects old cook books from various parts of India. This is her hobby. They must write a letter of apology. That is the only way to avoid punishment. She goes to the hospital every day. She is always willing to look after needy patients. Quick Recap Finite verbs are controlled by the number, person and tense of the subject. Non-finite verbs are not controlled by the number, person and tense of the subject There are three kinds of non-finite verbs : Infinitives, Participles and Gerunds. Participles and Gerunds may be similar in form as both end with ing. Infinitives are usually preceded by 'to'. However there are infinitives that are not preceded by 'to'. Infinitives can be used to combine sentences Brush Up Your Grammar (H2) Revision 1(H3) In the following sentences pick out the finite verbs and the non-finite words. The first sentence has been done for you : Hearing the knock on the door, she ran to open it. Non- finite : Hearing Finite: ran I want you to keep the keys in the drawer. She saw the fishermen casting their nets. Rina stopped at the shop to buy something. They enjoy performing in front of a live audience. She read the instructions on how to bake a cake. I heard the man give instructions to the taxi driver. Her sparkling eyes revealed her excitement. He kept himself busy by teaching children. Please permit me to order the rest of the books Revision 2 (H3) Fill in the blanks with appropriate non-finite verbs: I decided _____ out of the hotel and take a walk. Suddenly a number of monkeys surrounded me and began ____ my purse away. ____ here and there for help, I spotted a banana seller who was setting up his stall. I waved to him and bade him _____ towards me. _____ about two dozen bananas he hurried forwards. I saw him ____ the bananas on the ground. Then he began ____ their attention by making clicking sounds. _________ my bag the monkeys rushed towards him. I made my escape but came back later______ him and ______ for the bananas. Revision 3 (H3) Work in pairs. One of you will ask the question the other will give the answer with the help of the clues in brackets. The first one has been done for you : Why did you go out? (buy some fruits) I went out to buy some fruits Why are you standing here? (greet the Chief Guest) Why will Rajni go to Chennai? (visit her aunt) Why did you sell your car? (buy a car) Why did you travel by plane? (save time) Why did you go to the bazaar? (buy grocery) Why did you spend an extra hour in school? (practise football) Why are you going to College Street? (buy second hand books) Revision 4(H3) Complete the sentences using the correct non-finite form of the verb given in brackets: I am sorry for ________ (speak) rudely to you. It gives me great pleasure ________ (inform) you that you have been selected. I want to start now _______ (complete) the project on time. I shall continue ______ (run) early in the morning. It was rude of him ______ (scream) at his mother. I must stop ______ (give) advice to every one. I almost came under the wheels of the _____ (speed) bus Try This 1 Make a list of 4 things that you enjoy doing Looking at the starry sky __________________ _________________- _________________ _________________ Now, make a list of things you must remember to do in the coming week To cover my text books __________ __________ __________ __________ Try This 2 Use non-finites to write a dialogue between two friends about a three day camping trip that both will be going for. You could begin like this : Seema : I am going for the school camping trip. Wendy : So will I. In fact I saw you write your name on the list. Seema : I have decided to take my transistor. Carrying it will be no problem.

Strategy Management For European Tour Operators Tourism Essay

Strategy Management For European Tour Operators Tourism Essay The tourism industry of Europe is dynamic and the growth in this sector is accelerating at a fast pace. In recent times, the tourism industry has gained huge amount of momentum as it is greatly influenced by the changing dynamics of the society; it has become a networked society in which everyone is linked together by various technological mediums (Tourismlink, 2012). With the rise of the industrial society, the concept of tourism has changed into a mass leisure activity. The globalisation and post modernisation are the two crucial factors that have generated a fragmented, assorted and individualised field of tourism demand and supply. In Europe, the tourism industry is undergoing consolidation in which the number of players is decreasing as a result of both mergers and acquisitions (ECORYS, 2009). The primary factors that have supported the forming of an integrated and strengthened tour operator are increased globalisation, new and cheaper modes of transportation and severe usage of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). As the tourism industry is becoming competitive on international level, it has become vital for the tour operators to take account of the factors that can impact their business operations. PESTEL Analysis of Tourism Industry In order to assess the external environment faced by the tour operators in Europe, PESTEL analysis is an effective tool for ensuring that crucial aspects are appropriately handled. This analysis allows the players to remain alert about the external environment characteristics that can impact their business strategies and ultimately operations. The PESTEL analysis of tourism industry for European tour operators is as follows: Political Since the 9/11 event, the airline industry had to bear high costs as the government has refused to tolerate the security cost. As the costs cannot be tolerated by the airline companies, they have transferred the complete cost to the consumers. The immigration laws have been made strict so that the corrupt elements cannot gain entrance in the country (Butler, 2011). There are many countries that are willing to join the European Union (EU) which can impact the political environment significantly. Euro is a strong currency worldwide that allows easy conversion of the currency. Similarly, the parliament of EU has asked the airlines to pay taxes on the aviation fuel so that they can support the EU carbon emission trading scheme (Furmanov, Balaeva Predvoditeleva, 2011). Economics The tourism industry is affected by the recession. Most of the airline companies are relaying on very low margin of profit and both big and small players are being affected by such depressing situations worldwide. Once the recession will get over, only then the bigger players will be able to exploit the opportunities and even gain new opportunities (Richards, 2011). The recession has impacted the exchange rate as there is a lot of fluctuations in it. It has been reported by Richards (2011) that Euro is still depreciating and the euro rate has been reported to depreciate by 20% of the dollar. Socio-cultural The living standards of people are improving and life expectancy rate is also extending at a fast pace which shows that older people will travel more to have a good time. It is expected that the percentage of aging population that will travel in Europe will be about 60%. The travel patterns of people are changing as they want a diverse range of options in selecting the travelling destinations; the consumers are expecting a wide variety of choices as they want to travel different places and make their travelling plans on their own (ECORYS, 2009). It is also projected that the number of short holidays will grow by about 47% in EU and European tourists have modified their behaviours as they prefer to travel abroad rather than domestic places. Technological As a result of technological advances, the work of tour operators has become automated. Most of the people are using Internet to make online reservations and avail the services of online travel agencies. Almost all the tour operators are making use of both traditional and online platforms for reaching customers and it has helped them in curtailing down the cost of these operators (Furmanov, Balaeva Predvoditeleva, 2011). Environmental Since people have become too much environmentally concerned, the UK government stopped the plan for a third runway at Heathrow as a result of increase in pollution. The government has even imposed the green tax for offsetting the carbon emissions effect. Some health factors like SARS and Swine flu impacted the travellers destination choice (Tourismlink, 2011). Legal In order to keep a strict control on the tour operators, the government has imposed stricter rules and regulations. The competition policy of EU keeps an eye on the companies to ensure that they dont club together to give unfavourable packages to the customers (Richards, 2011). Porters Five Forces Model According to Tourismlink (2011), the analysis of the EU tourism industry according to the Porters Five Forces Model reveals the following aspects: Threat of new entrants The new entrants cannot easily enter the tourism industry as there is high cost associated with initial investment cost as it requires huge amount of capital. The existing companies have strong brand loyalty so the customers will not easily switch to any other company. Competition among rivals Within the market, there is very less intense competition as there are only limited big players. Although there are various indirect competitors in the industry but the top players in EU are still Thomas Cook and TUI Travel PLC. Bargaining power of suppliers In the case of tourism industry, the bargaining power of suppliers is moderate as there are various options airlines, hotels and travel agents. Since the customers are willing to do online booking, the airlines and hotels are reaching them by their own online platforms. Bargaining power of buyers The bargaining power of buyers is low as there is very less difference between the products that are offered by the travel agencies. As the customers are able to make online booking, even it will not impact their bargaining power. Threat of substitutes It is a known fact that people will never leave their leisure activities especially the travelling option as it provides them the chance of going away from home. Other alternatives are available for people such as in-home activities, domestic trips to town, playing video games but they can never replace the travelling option. It means that there will be low threat of substitutes. Industry Life Cycle The concept of Tourism Area Life Cycle was coined by Butler (2011) who stated that the tour operators have to analyse the industry to ensure that they introduce the new products and services in accordance to the demands of the customers. The factors that are considered by the players are the prices offered to the customers, packages designing according to the destination places, changing demands of the customers, tourist attractions to be presented to visitors and availability of various facilities. Currently, EUs tourism industry is in the consolidation stage as there are only few competitors and people are spending limited amount of money on foreign travels. Source: Butler (2011) Conclusion The effect of recession is slowly wearing off and EU tourism industry is expected to grow further by offering various attractive packages to the customers. hence, the tour operators have to ensure that they present the best travel packages to the customers that will allow them to reap the opportunity of having a marvellous travelling experience in the region.

School Vouchers Essay -- Educational Vouchers Scholarships

One of the most important topics in government today is the issue of school vouchers. The two sides have remained deeply entrenched in their rival positions concerning this issue. Some wonder about the practicality of using the vouchers, while others wonder if it is defeating the purpose of the educational system. Educational vouchers can be very beneficial for both the student and even the school districts involved in the program. Many people do not realize the benefits of this program. Educational vouchers are something that many school districts need to implement due to their advantages. The benefits of educational vouchers very much outweigh the disadvantages.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Educational vouchers, also known as scholarships, redirect the flow of education funding, channeling it directly to individual families rather than to school districts. This allows families to select the public or private schools of their choice and have all or part of the tuition paid. These vouchers are funded by either public (government) or private (corporations, foundations) funds. Scholarships are advocated on the grounds that parental choice and competition between public and private schools will improve education for all children (www.schoolchoices.org).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Publicly-funded education vouchers allow families to make private decisions regarding how public taxpayer money should be spent. Therefore, a voucher program hopes to create an educational market where schools must compete for students. Supporters claim market benefits, such as choice and innovation, will improve education. Opponents, on the other hand, say that vouchers will lead to greater inequality and the loss of civic preparation. Current evidence concerning the impact of vouchers is disputed (IBID.).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Zelman versus Simmons-Harris court case that ended on June 22, 2002, is probably one of the most monumental court cases to date on this subject. The United States Supreme Court upheld a Cleveland, Ohio school voucher program by a 5-4 vote. Judges Rehnquist, O’Connor, Kennedy, Scalia, and Thomas were for the decision (www.law.umkc.edu). This case was the latest in a long series of Supreme Court decisions that eroded constitutional requirements for school voucher programs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order to comply with these constitutional requirements, a constitutional voucher program must take many actions. The prog... ...oney to afford a better school. If the administrators continue to allow this, we are denying our children’s’ rights to a good, quality education. School vouchers are something that can guarantee a parent the right to send the student to any school that would best fit his learning style and values. Voucher programs are perhaps the most effective way to help low-income families become active consumers in the educational marketplace, helping them gain control over their children’s education and encouraging them to become more involved. Educational vouchers are a way of putting the student first†¦which should be the main goal of educational personnel everywhere. By implementing an educational voucher program, schools will better themselves and students across the nation will reap in the benefits. WORKS CITED â€Å"Case Analysis.† Americans United for the Separation of Church and State. www.au.org â€Å"Education Vouchers.† www.ncspe.org . â€Å"School Choices.† www.schoolchoices.org/roo/vouchers.htm . â€Å"So You Wanna Learn About School Vouchers?† www.soyouwanna.com/site/pros_cons/vouchers.html â€Å"Zelman v. Simmons-Harris.† www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/zelman.html .

Plagiarism and the Internet :: Cheating School Education Essays

Plagiarism and the Internet Herman Melville once stated, But it is better to fail in originality than to succeed in imitation. (http://koti.mbnet.fi/neptunia/creativity/origin1.htm 5). Thousands of Americans would assert that Melville was a very wise author, and even more would attest that they too believe that cheating is wrong; why is it then that over a century after his death, our society has become even more intent on plagiarizing the works of others? Frankly, as time has gone on, it has just become incredibly easy for people to plagiarize, especially now when ideas are so easily accessible on the internet. In order to truly understand this unauthorized use of others ¦Ãƒ  hard work, it is important to explore the idea of plagiarism, laws concerning plagiarism, and this new overwhelming abundance of information on the web. Foremost, plagiary is the use of another person or organization ideas, words, or creations without giving credit where it is due. Not only is plagiarism wrong, it is also on the rise. According to a study done in the Free Press in 1996, 58 percent of high school students admitted to having let another person copy their work in 1969, while twenty years later, 98 percent let someone else copy their work (http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism_stats.html 4). There is very likely a direct correlation between this outrageous increase and the increase in the availability of information on the web. Many students may even be plagiarists without knowing it! It is extremely easy to become lazy and forget to give credit where it is due by using citations in papers. Very often, students may also feel that they cannot word what an author has already said as well as it was said in the first place; therefore, they choose to just use the original author words without quoting correctl y, sometimes without giving the author any credit at all (http://www.umf.maine.edu/~library/plagiarism/what_is.html 4). Plagiarism is just as huge of a problem in schools as it is in the  ¡Ãƒ real world. ¡ÃƒÅ" Not only is the act of plagiary ethically wrong; it is also considered a very serious academic crime. Everyone knows that it is wrong to steal something from another person, but oftentimes people just don seem to want to lump plagiarism in the same category with other criminal acts.

Advancement of Civic Engagement by Community Foundations in Low Income

The role of civic engagement in neighborhood revitalization, particularly in low income African American communities, has gained increased awareness and in recent years. Community, nonprofit, and government leaders now view civic engagement as a critical component of effective solutions as they seek to address crime, unemployment, low graduation rates and numerous other neighborhood challenges. Several successful initiatives have come to fruition and provide strong evidence of the benefits that increased civic engagement provides. Experts commonly define civic engagement as individual and group actions that collectively address general issues of concern that are public in nature. Civic engagement takes many forms such volunteerism, community organizing, and involvement in public policy and political issues. Individuals and community residents can express civic engagement through a variety of activities including participating in neighborhood associations, communicating with elected officials, and volunteering for local nonprofits. Golod (2008) analyzed the Southside Family Charter School located in Minneapolis, MN which serves as a prime example of early civic engagement. Students enrolled in the school reside in a low income community that is close to 50% African American. To improve civic engagement of students and parents, school administrators have developed lesson plans with a focus on civil rights. As a result, the community is preparing a new generation of residents focused on improving their community who follow in the footsteps of parents serving in volunteer capacities and as strong neighborhood activists. The McCormick Foundation recently demonstrated a commitment to civic engagement here in Chicago by ... ...are: Pushing the boundaries of civic engagement for african american youth. Liberal Education, 97(2), 34-39. Golod, F. (2008). Civil rights and social justice: A path to engagement and transformation. Horace, 24(3), 6. Grillo, M.,C., Teixeira, M. A., & Wilson, D. C. (2010). Residential satisfaction and civic engagement: Understanding the causes of community participation. Social Indicators Research, 97(3), 451-466. Kimball, K., & Kopell, M. (2011). Letting GO. Stanford Innovation Review, 9(2), 37- 41. Maton, K. I. (2008). Empowering community settings: Agents of individual development, community betterment, and positive social change. American Journal of Community Psychology, 41(1-2), 4-21. Tester, G., Ruel, E., Anderson, A., Reitzes, D. C., & Oakley, D. (2011). Sense of place among atlanta public housing residents. Journal of Urban Health, 88(3), 436-53.

The Infinity Mirror :: The Infinity Mirror

The Infinity Mirror    "Tularecito" is a myth about truth. Tularicito, just a character of that myth, is the focus for this glossed over fable. Steinbeck draws on this form of genre to present the idea that we are all a part of what happens to others, based upon our nature.    The image presented of Tularecito is that of a demon, an idiot savant, a boy with a gift from God, and that gift's cost. He is a freak, a dangerous misfit, an innocent who does not need the constraints of reality. Tularecito is a test. The test is one of moral caliber. It is a test of the souls of the characters who overshadaow Tularecito.    Pancho is a man that is both holy and sinful. His purfunctory act of church going becomes true belief as alcohol demons induce him to halucinate a deformed boy into an outcast from hell. He looks into his mirror and sees himself, becomes shaken, reforms.    From Pancho's employer, Franklin Gomez, we get a cold hard look into society. We see a mother, knowing her son is to be hated and feared, and perhaps possibly killed, cannot face killing her son with her bare hands. She leaves the killing to exposure to the elements, enying herself a look into Tularecito.    Franklin adopts Pancho's demon, and Tularecito transforms into a disadvantaged who has been gifted with talent. Tularecito becomes a man at the age of six, "The boy grew rapidly, but after the fifth year his brain did not grow any more," To Franklin, Tularecito is grace, and graceless. He is talented in all things of any physical strength, and well proficient in the creation of beauty, and an artist in the care for life of nature. The touch of Tularecito brings beauty, and life, and love to the world, until he becomes enraged, (should anyone endanger what came from the touch of his hand). Franklin looked into   Tularecito's mirror and saw what Tularecito was.

Casablanca :: essays research papers

How can a hero survive in a world gone mad? Casablanca, the classic 1940s film, was known as the greatest movie ever by some, and also seen as being one of the most important novels of the 20th century, revolve around a world in confusion, where no one trusts anybody else, and a war wages on within and without. Rick dealt with a world rocked by the impacts of World War II, where everyone was a spy, and even the spies were spied on. Rick is a cynic, tossed into a chaotic yet romantic world, and comes forth victorious. In Casablanca, we emerge with a feeling of hope, and joy, that the forces of good can win, and that eventually we will triumph over our enemies, wherever or whatever they may be. While slochky and romantic, Casablanca is a touching movie, and probably one of the best ever made. It takes place in a world gone mad, where nothing is truth, and reality is always questionable. Sam of course, is stability. He can't be bought or sold, and is seemingly a constant, always there and never too deep into the problems of the world. Sam represents the carefree aspect in all of us, the feeling that we'd just as soon turn our attention away from the war and hum a tune. Rick faces the ultimate human enemy which is the unimportance of an individual. Rick exemplifies this theme, as he relates to Ilsa: "The problems of two little people don't amount to a hill of beans in this crazy world." Simply put, individuals don't matter. That the events surrounding their world and time overpower those of the individual. Casablanca deals with a festive arena in the midst of war, Rick's Cafà © Americain,yet it is set in a typical place that is different than the surrounding world. Outside Rick's a war wages on, but inside the kindly cafà ©, an atmosphere of warmth and freedom emanates. Yet it is soon crushed by the iron fist of the Germans attempting to capture the rogue Lazlow.Rick's world is apart by forces beyond his control which he wins in the end. In summary, Casablanca revolved around the idea that humanity is losing its personal identity to that of the masses. The individual, in both cases, is far less important to that

Art: Interaction vs Participation :: Graduate Admissions Essays

Art: Interaction vs Participation I am a Burning Man participant since 1998. Last year when I went to SIGgraph -- my first since I began participating in Burning Man -- the artwork there left me utterly uninspired. Nothing there brought to life a deeper desire to create like the artwork at Burning Man did, though both events deliver similar kinds of artwork. Don't get me wrong. The art at SIGgraph was good but it didn't change me like the art at Burning Man does. I have been trying to define what that difference is. And more importantly, how to harness whatever aspect of Burning Man art makes it so much more deeply inspiring. I believe I am finally able to draw that line, and that line is what seperates interaction from participation. What is the definition of interaction? The on-line Mirriam Webster dictionary defines interation thus: "mutual or reciprocal action or influence". In art, interaction can be a button or control that has influence over the art in some way. Interaction in art brings the viewer into the art by allowing the viewer to have control over aspects of the art itself. This adds a dimention of action vs. passiveness, inclusion vs. exclusion, direction vs. submission. Interactivity allows a viewer to have defined control over the art in some form. So what makes participation different from interaction? The second M-W definition of participation is this: "the state of being related to a larger whole." A very powerful statement in the area of art, but what does it mean? How can the viewer become a part of the greater whole in a piece of artwork? I have an answer for this question, but first let me describe some examples of participation and interaction and see if that line becomes easier to draw: At SIGgraph 1999, there was a marble-maze game. The viewers step on the virtual maze to tip it to make the virtual marble roll through part of the maze. The first act of "participation" at Burning Man was at the first Burn. Larry Harvey built a large wooden man and took him to Baker's Beach to burn him. People began gathering around. While he burned, a woman went over and held the Man's hand. I read a story about a group that brought materials for building sock puppets.

A Case Analysis of Cirque Du Soleil

Cirque Du Soleil is a company that has built its success on its ability to be creative and innovative. It has successfully developed a new market and continued to expand on that market. This makes Cirque Du Soleil an example of a company that has creativity and innovation at its base. The following paper will focus on Cirque Du Soleil as a creative and innovative company. It will consider its product and creative strategy. It will look at the structure of the company and how this enhances creativity. Finally, it will look at the threats facing Cirque Du Soleil and what the company can do to ensure its ongoing success. Cirque Du Soleil's product is a performing circus. The basis of the company is a show combining music, dance, and theater. The show uses acrobats, gymnasts, clowns, and other performers. The show also uses a type of music based on a created language. The purpose of the music is to transcend cultural boundaries and make the show accessible to everyone. The company's show is also multicultural in nature. It is designed to reach the widest audience possible. This is done by using the music that is not based on any real language. It is also done by using performers from around the world. The company is global and shows are performed throughout the world. Cirque Du Soleil has also expanded into other areas. This has included releasing two films and a television special. This has also included ventures in publishing and merchandising. Cirque Du Soleil also opened a permanent theater near Disneyland, Florida, in 1998, with the theater including a Cirque Du Soleil store. These expansions show that the company is diversifying in a creative way. The expansions are all based on ways to increase the value of the Cirque Du Soleil show. This shows creativity, not in creating new things, but in finding new ways to benefit from the basic product of the company. The organizational structure of Cirque Du Soleil is based on recognizing the value of the performers. The case study describes the former tour director Vincent Gagne stating that he always emphasized to tour staff that they were there to serve the artists. This shows that the artists are recognized as representing the value of the company. The other services then become support services. This is not a case where the artists are at the top of the organizational hierarchy. However, it is a case where the artists are recognized as delivering the service that allows the organization to succeed. Gagne also suggests a good metaphor for the organizational structure, which is that of a circle. The performers can be considered as being at the center of the circle. They do not have high positions or decision-making authority, however they are the basis of the organization. The support staff are in the next circle. They have greater decision-making authority, but their work is defined by their need to satisfy the performers. Several of the employees described in the case study are in this level and they all describe their work as being focused on the performers. Gange does this when he states that the tour staff and technical people have to realize that they are there to support the artists. The casting director for Cirque Du Soleil, Cantin, describes how she looks for performers based on whether they will be able to fit in at the company. This shows that the performers are central to the organization and to the decisions made. In the final outer layer of the circle are the upper management. They have the greatest decision-making authority, but they are also operating based on pleasing the performers. This structure supports creativity because it puts the creative people of the company as central to its functioning. At the same time, the decision-making being at higher levels allows the creative people to be free to create and be innovative, without having any concerns related to how the company functions. Another key part of the organizational structure is that it is informal. This is seen in the case study, where Gagnon describes the company as not having a handbook on employee conduct. It is also seen in the case study where Gagnon describes employees as being fired and then rehired. Gagnon also describes an employee newsletter where employee's uncensored comments are published. These all show an informal structure and an organizational culture that is based on employee freedom and low authority over employees. Schein (2003, p. 121) notes that a culture of freedom increases employee creativity. Daft (1997, p. 325) also notes that â€Å"many organizations today are becoming less formal in order to be flexible and responsive to a changing global environment. † In the case of Cirque Du Soleil, the structure has always been informal and this allows it to encourage creativity and be more flexible and capable of change. One of the key environmental challenges is related to the artists and performers. It has been noted that the artists and performers are central to Cirque Du Soleil's product. This makes ensuring the good performance of the artists a key concern. There are several factors that are risks for the company. The first is that the artist's may rebel against the company. The case study notes that this occurred in 1987 and 1988, when many performers rebelled over concerns that management was not doing what was best for them and that the company was not operating based on the original spirit of the group. As the company expands furthers, it seems reasonable that the performers may again feel that the company is not operating in the same spirit as before. This is especially likely to occur as the company becomes more focused on finances. This may lead to either artist rebellion again or to artists leaving the show. Another problem related to performers is the high injury rate. The case study notes that 37 injuries were listed for 57 artists three-quarters of the way into the United States tour of the show Dralion. This shows an ongoing problem that has the potential to reduce the quality of the show produced. Finally, the work of the performer is demanding, with the case study noting that many performers leave because they cannot handle the touring life. These problems related to the performers are critical ones for two reasons. Firstly, the performers are the basis of the company's product. Secondly, finding, hiring, and training employees is a considerable expense. This makes it crucial that Cirque Du Soleil find a way to manage employees effectively, while promoting their creativity. Another challenge that faces Cirque Du Soleil is based on one of its key success factors, which is its ability to offer a new and unique show that impresses the audience. There are two main reasons that this ability to astonish an audience may be lost. One of them is seen in the experience of the conductor at Cirque Du Soleil, Oberacker. Oberacker notes in the case study that he is not as highly impressed with the show as the audience is. He links this to his experience on Broadway and notes that he has seen more astonishing things. He also notes that the shows ability to impress is not based entirely on the artists, but on how it is presented with lights, costumes, and music all adding a larger sense of awe. There are two potential problems that this indicates. The first is that other companies may realize the success factors of Cirque Du Soleil and become direct competitors. Currently, theater companies, drama companies, Broadway shows, and operas are competitors in the entertainment market. However, they target a high social class and tend not to be accessible to the general public. Cirque Du Soleil is offering a similar product, but it is targeted to a more general audience. This leaves the possibility that the competitors mentioned above will adjust their marketing strategy and become direct competitors of Cirque Du Soleil. One source notes that this is a significant problem for companies that are based on one specific product (Kotler, Armstrong, Brown, & Chandler, 1998). This is true for Cirque Du Soleil since even though they have diversified into new areas, their basic product is the performance they offer. If other companies start to compete with similar shows, Cirque Du Soleil will lose a significant part of their market. The other problem is that audiences may become used to the show and its elements. If this occurred, the show would not create the same sense of astonishment in an audience. This is also related to the perception of the product. Perreault and McCarthy (2000) note that a product's success is not based on the product itself, but on how well it meets or exceed expectations. For the astonishment factor to be achieved, Cirque Du Soleil need to exceed the expectations of customers. With the excellence and quality of the show is generally recognized, this leads to increasing customer expectations. The end result is that Cirque Du Soleil has to constantly improve to remain impressive. To remain successful, Cirque Du Soleil has to manage creativity and continue to innovate. One change that may be required is to take the emphasis off the performance requirements of the show. The case study notes that the number of shows has increased. The question this raises is how Cirque Du Soleil can continue to create new shows that will have the astonishment factor. It is suggested that this could be achieved more successfully if the company limited the number of shows produced. This would create a demand for the product. This strategy takes into account that the success of Cirque Du Soleil relies largely on its image, where the show is recognized as something astonishing and unforgettable. If this quality is lost, the entire company will be at risk. This suggests that limiting the amount of productions would be effective. It would allow artists and performers to concentrate their creativity on creating one show of the highest quality. This strategy would also be an effective way of managing performance staff. Performance staff would be heavily involved in development and be the creative force for the new shows. With a significant amount of time available for development, performers could innovate, experiment, and develop new ideas. At the same time, their energy would be better directed into the shows because the demands would not be as high. Revenue could then be increased for Cirque Du Soleil by focusing more on merchandising and finding other ways to increase income. This focus is based on recognizing that Cirque Du Soleil's reputation makes it a brand, where a brand's value is not just based on a product or service, but based on a perception about the company overall (Reynolds, 2004). Cirque Du Soleil has a strong brand and could diversify by increasing the number of ways that additions are made to the brand. This would allow the company to continue to grow, but in a way that does not place additional demands on the basic performance product.